Product Uses Include
Inhibit Rho activity within 4h (compared to 24h with siRNA)
Stop Rho pathway signalling
Determine "activator" specificity for Rho pathway
Positive control for Rho Inhibition in cell morphology studies
Positive control for Rho inhibition in cell extract biochemical studies
Inhibit stress fiber formation
Inhibit RhoA, RhoB and RhoC in living cells
Inhibits Rho in all cell types currently tested
Material
This product consists of highly purified C3 Transferase (Cat. # CT03) covalently linked to a proprietary cell penetrating moiety via a disulfide bond. The cell penetrating moiety allows rapid and efficient transport through the plasma membrane. Once in the cytosol, the cell penetrating moiety is released, thereby allowing C3 Transferase to freely diffuse intracellularly and inactive RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC, but not related GTPases such as Cdc42 or Rac1.
The Exoenzyme C3 Transferase from Clostridium botulinum is commonly used to selectively inactivate the GTPases RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC, both in vivo and in vitro. C3 Transferase inhibits Rho proteins by ADP-ribosylation on asparagine 41 in the effector binding domain of the GTPase. A major limitation of C3 Transferase for use in in vivo applications is that this protein is only slightly cell permeable. Consequently, overnight incubations with C3 Transferase at concentrations as high as 100 µg/ml are often necessary to inactivate Rho proteins in cultured cells. Under these conditions, the long incubation period and large amount of C3 Transferase that are required can be disruptive to basic cellular functions and economically burdensome. Cytoskeleton, Inc. has overcome these problems by providing a cell permeable form or C3 Transferase that can efficiently inactivate cellular Rho proteins in as little as 2 h.
CT04 has been used to inactive Rho proteins to an efficiency of 75-95% in fibroblasts, neurons, epithelial, endothelial, and hematopoietic cells as well as other primary and immortalized cell lines (see Table 1 for recommended conditions of use for different cells types).
| Table 1. Suggested Conditions for Rho inactivation by Cell Permeable C3 Transferase. The indicated cells were subjected to Rho inactivation assays with CT04. Note: These concentrations were determined in serum free medium. For cells grown in serum containing medium the recommended concentration is four times higher. |